Discourse analysis has emanated from ideas os scholars od Linguistics, semiotics, hermeneutics and the theories of Michel Foucault (1926-1992), but in contrast to the aforementioned methods, it cover the two aspects of the text: form and meaning and so it is a comprehensive approach for text analysis. Scholars like Fairclough, Wodak, Van Dijk, Fowler and Kress played an important role in introducing and promoting critical discourse analysis as a new approach to text analysis. In this research we have used Norman Fairclough’s approach. In the present study, it was tried to analyze Sovashoon of Simin Daneshvar. In so doing, we discussed the views of the author, and using an innovative approach, we discovered various semantic and thematic layers of meanings closer to this novel. It was concluded that Daneshvar, with her special approach to the political and social changes of her time ,has connected the politicosocial factors to mythological ones. This approach is specific to her, different with others' and so we can consider it as her own unique ideology. From a critical discourses analytic perspective, Simin Daneshvar, in her writings, made use of specific terms, epical and mythical dimensions and its connection with religion while generalizing these elements and connecting it to our era, has sought to create an independent Iranian identity. She managed to create an antiimperialistic hero from the working class and naturally promoted women’s role in the contemporary novels from a housewife to a reformer and activist in the socio-political areas.

Simin Daneshvar is the first Iranian female novelist in Persian literature and her famous novel, Savushun, gives her a place beside other superior Iranian writers and novelists. Female perspective in Savushun caused its eternity because it is the first novel that is written and published by a woman. Although the woman is victim of patriarchy in Iranian novels generally, both Simin Daneshvar and her heroin Savushunare female and this approach is newin Iranian novel writing. Daneshvar tried to express feministic secrets in her heroine and in this way feministic view entered Iranian literature. As well She devoted herself to highlight women's realities through hernovel describing wonderfully some eras of Iranian history i.e. being occupied by Britain and its barraters and evolution of Iran after world warII. Simin is inspired by her own personality in the creation of the heroine and her real life and what happened to the heroine and her family is same as what happened to Iran and Iranian people.Daneshvar smashed traditional view of women inSavushun and made a great evolution in female characteristic through her heroine'srebellion. Moreover, she proved that a woman is capable of standing beside a man and hold weapon in her hand and fight in defense of her country and nurture many warriors and soldiers.

Simin Daneshvar has a prominent place in Persian fictional literature. The way of the Application of resistance literature in the stories and novels of this female author and their analysis based on archetypical themes can be a subject of an academic study. On the other hand, Daneshvar‟ s fictional works have never been analyzed from this perspective. after sampling, the analytical foundations of the research were based on the ideas of Carl Gustave Jung due to his position in depths psychology. Since the subject of this research is interdisciplinary (literature and psychology), before starting the discussion, her life and her works of fiction and Jung‟ s viewpoints were explained as much as necessary to help understand the concepts. The findings of the study reflected the author‟ s dedication to resistance literature with archetypical backgrounds and its special application in the novel ‘ Sovashun’ and revealed that this novel was based on resistance literature.

Daneshvar is one of the writers who has also spoken about love and has given a fictional form to the traditional and modern views on love in Iranian society. The purpose of this study is to investigate the subject of love and the evolution in the stories of this author, based on a descriptive-analytical method. What is love, its functions, evolution and types of love, physical, social, mystical and mixed love, are among the issues studied in this study. The results show that Daneshvar, is first influenced by modern attitudes, considers love as one of the most enjoyable instinctual forces; but then, she is influenced by traditional attitudes, the subject of love finds a sacred and extraterrestrial state in her stories that connects human beings with God, nature, and other human beings. At the beginning, Daneshvar speaks more about the manifestations of earthly love, such as physical and social love, each of which determines the construction of individual, family, and ultimately human community within a specific geographical area; but then she raises the issue of mystical love and the various criticisms and attitudes about it, and finally, contrary to the philosophical and mystical attitudes that consider the earthly love as a bridge to mystical love, in the scholarly attitude, she finds love, a mixed state and a combination of all kinds of them, in which, in her opinion, life will end in this kind of love. This connection between mixed love and life shows the author's positive attitude towards the end of life, and that this kind of love is the answer to the question of how human lives in the modern era.

Language is a fundamental factor in story writing. One of the important topics in language study is the consideration of gender and its relationship with the implemented language in the literatures. Most of the researchers believe that there is a difference between women’s and men’s writing and language. The current researches reviewed the characteristics of females in Simin Daneshvar’s writings and then compare them with women’s language in Jalale Ale Ahamad’s writings. The study showed how femininity emerged in dialects, words, point of view on the life and dealing with different issues and made the women’s writing differ from the men’s writing and effected their characterizing. Words and expression like drat, God give me death! and so on…, interrogative, broken language, using slang and being shaky with maybe, should, mistrust, mentality, feeling expressing, thinking with fear, casting activities like sewing, knitting, cooking and being attentive in private affairs highlighted such differences.

Scholars’ knowledge about and reliance in research records requires the provision of indexes and bibliographies. Bibliography is the name and specification of books or other than books in any field of science that is arranged in a specific way, which helps the client obtain information on books and collections of works in various subjects. Simin Daneshvar (1921-2014) has been the focus of many critical articles and writings since the 60's especially when she published Savooshoon in1969. In this line, a repertoire of Daneshvar’ s studies was collected in order to provide a descriptive bibliology of Persian articles during the 1961-2017 period. For this purpose, through a search in databases, all the Persian articles related to Daneshvar and her fiction papers were compiled and carefully studied. Then, in a historical and temporal order, the distribution of the quantity of these papers in different decades until 2017 was presented in graphs. Through this survey, it became clear that, until 2017, 197 articles were published in Persian journals. The novel Savooshoon (1969) with 59 articles had the most success. Topics such as review and criticism of the studies, Daneshvar’ s writing style, feminism and feminist attitudes, review of story characters and story elements, sociological studies, comparative studies, biography and life, translation of works, linguistic studies, appreciation and praise, bibliography and some other topics have been the focus of most articles.

This research addresses one of the members of "mass communication" family, i.e. novel.The subject of this research is "the Content Analysis of Nonverbal Communication of selected Characters in the Novels of Simin Daneshvar (Savushun, Wandering Camel Rider, and Wander Island) before and after the Islamic Revolution of Iran". This research is conducted based on the analysis of the content and its application in novel in order to identify the nonverbal communicative categories (including body gestures, behaviors, etc.) of the characters of the abovementioned novels. and attempts to meet the following four objectives:1- Identify the nonverbal communications and narration method of each novel.2- Identify the nonverbal communications and creation of characters of the narrative.3- Identify the nonverbal communications within the period, during which the novel is narrated.4- Identify the nonverbal communications and lifestyle of the characters of each novel.Three novels have been used from the works of Simin Daneshvar. The nonverbal communications of the main chapters of these novels, which were consistent with the objectives of the research and the questions and the variables of the hypotheses, were studied. Those main characters, which were non-typical by preserving their special individuality assigned to them by the author and played a significant role in the novels, were selected and studied.-In all three novels, nonverbal communications of the characters were observed, which presented the most attractive and prominent types of nonverbal communications in the path of time before and after the Islamic Revolution (anti-imperialism novels).-Proper use of nonverbal communicative categories helps the creation of characters and settings of novels and assists the readers of novel to understand the work better.-The time of writing the novels, subject of novels and writing style affected the processing of nonverbal communication categories.

In the modern era, the components of cultural identity-making underwent changes and transformations. It seems that in this social and cultural mess, women were more influenced by new cultural and social values than men and they had an identity crisis. The novel “Wandering Island” and its second volume “The Wandering Camel-Rider” describes the complex political-social-cultural situation of the country in the inflamed years before the Islamic Revolution and the early years after that until the beginning of the war, from a woman's perspective which is associated with Women's identity crisis. The present study has been compiled in a descriptive-analytical manner and based on library sources and tries to reveal the process of self-knowledge and identity crisis of women with a modern approach and analysis of historical-political-social-cultural conditions in two novels by Simin Daneshvar. to answer the question: What effect has the socio-political situation in Iran, along with the arrival of modern components, had on the crisis of women's identity and their bewilderment? Studies show that the crisis of women's identity in these novels, leads to nobility and deprivation, confrontation between tradition and modernity, Westernization and Westernism, the influence of modern schools of thought, confrontation of religious beliefs and feminist views. 1-Introduction The modern novel is a field for searching, discovering identity, and re-reading social and cultural issues. The Persian novel has opened a new window for readers to understand the historical, political, social and cultural structure of society. The protagonist of the new world, or rather the protagonist of the novel, is a problematic person, and the novelist narrates his relationship with the world around him. “The process of the inner form of the novel is the march of the problematic person towards himself, in a way that leads the person from vague servitude to a completely heterogeneous and merely existing and meaningless reality to a clear knowledge of himself” (Lukács, 1397: 75). 2- Research methodology The present research has been compiled in a descriptive-analytical manner and based on library sources. 3- Discussion In the novel “Wandering Island” and its second volume, “The Wandering Camel Rider”, the Wandering and the Crisis of Women's Identity are depicted from the perspective of a woman in the inflamed and ambiguous years before the Islamic Revolution and the early years of the Revolution until the beginning of the imposed war. In this unsettled situation and socio-political turmoil, the arrival of modern components intensifies the process of confusion and crisis of women's identity. Discovering the true identity and inner contradictions of women in these two novels is depicted as a constant struggle with themselves and the world around them, to find their true identity. They want to evaluate themselves in order to discover their identity. Including Hasti (the first character of the story) who is always exploring to reach his true identity and is faced with confusions along the way. Hasti is a bewildered girl who is, in fact, without a unified and cohesive identity, and this confusion and bewilderment is a reflection of the bewilderment of man in the modern age, whose historical, social and cultural conditions have turned him into a mixture of identity crises. 4- Conclusion In the novels “Wandering Island” and “The Wandering Camel Rider”, the political, social and cultural realities of the years before the Islamic Revolution and the early years of the Revolution to the beginning of the imposed war are depicted, which is accompanied by confusion and crisis of women's identity. The main character of these two scholarly novels is a bewildered woman who is, in fact, without a unified identity, and this confusion is a reflection of the bewilderment of man in the modern age, whose political, social and cultural conditions have turned him into a mixture of identity crises. The most obvious aspect of socio-political confusion in the novel is the image of aristocratic and prosperous life in the face of poverty and deprivation. The influence of modern schools of thought, the confrontation of religious beliefs and disbelief in it, the confrontation of patriarchal views and feminism, all of which in some ways have greatly influenced the crisis of identity and bewilderment of women, especially the first character of the novel.

The present study focuses on a better understanding of the feminine view and approach of Simin Daneshvar, the famous contemporary Iranian novelist, and ghada-al-Samman, the famous contemporary writer in the Arab world, whose writings were feminine. No doubt, Daneshvar had a notable contribution in the reinforcement and expansion of feminine literature in Iran by her pleasing and widely-read novel "Savushun". Also, al-Samman is the instinct of Arab woman that shouts from behind the thick and old walls of centuries, in her literary masterpieces. This study aims at finding the similarities in Daneshvar’ s and al-Samman’ s feminist views, based on a descriptive-analytical method. Here, Daneshvar’ s novel "Savushun" and al-Samman’ s poems have been investigated from this perspective. Meanwhile, the similarities of the feminine views of the two Iranian and Syrian literary women on issues like woman, war, love, etc., have been discussed by offering examples as evidence. It was revealed that how Daneshvar and al-Samman had similar views of the mentioned issues, despite their differences in ideology and geography.

The contrast between tradition and modernity has always been a driving force in the dynamics of various societies. Writers who are deeply invested in their cultural heritage, perceiving their identity intertwined with it, strive to juxtapose traditional elements against modernity while maintaining a profound understanding of their society's past. Joukha Al-Harithi, a contemporary Omani author, and Simin Daneshvar, a renowned Iranian writer, delve into the exploration of women's social status and their strengths and weaknesses within society in their respective works. In her novel "Naranja," Al-Harithi employs a first-person perspective spanning two distinct time periods to narrate the stories of two generations grappling with an identity crisis situated between tradition and modernity. Daneshvar's celebrated novel "Souvashun" chronicles the experiences of an Iranian family during World War II, as they confront various forms of discrimination and strive to mitigate them. Given the prominence of the tradition-modernity dichotomy in both novels, this research aims to conduct a comparative analysis of "Naranja" and "Souvashun" through a descriptive-analytical lens, focusing on this particular theme. The findings reveal that both authors utilize female characters to illuminate the contradictions and conflicts arising between tradition and modernity in domains such as marriage, family, rural, and urban life. A key distinction between the two narratives lies in their temporal representations of tradition and modernity. While "Naranja" contrasts the past as tradition with the present as modernity, "Souvashun" simultaneously depicts both tradition and modernity within a single time frame.